Bridge scour is a phenomenon that occurs when sediment (such as sand or gravel) is eroded from around the foundation of a bridge, causing the bridge to become unstable or collapse. This erosion is typically caused by the flow of water, especially during periods of high water levels or flooding. Bridge scour can threaten the structural integrity of a bridge and pose a risk to public safety. Researchers in this area study the mechanisms and factors that contribute to bridge scour, develop methods to assess and mitigate scour potential, and design structures to prevent or minimize scour damage to bridges. The goal of this research is to improve the safety and longevity of bridge structures.